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History
of Peru
AS THE CRADLE of South America's most
advanced native American civilizations, Peru has a rich
and unique heritage among the nations of the southern
continent. It encompasses a past that reaches back over
10,000 years in one of the most harsh and inhospitable,
if spectacular, environments in the world--the high
Andes of South America.
Paradoxically, Peruvian history is
also unique in another, less glorious, way. The Andean
peoples engaged the invading Spaniards in 1532 in one
of the first clashes between Western and non-Western
civilizations in history. The ensuing Spanish conquest
and colonialism rent the rich fabric of Andean society
and created the enormous gulf between victors and vanquished
that has characterized Peru down through the centuries...
Introduction
to Peruvian History
Andean Societies Before the Conquest
Pre-Inca
Cultures
The
Incas
The Spanish Conquest, 1532-72
Pizarro
and the Conquistadors
Consolidation
of Control
The Colonial Period, 1550-1824
Demographic
Collapse
The
Colonial Economy
Colonial
Administration
The
Colonial Church
Indigenous
Rebellions
Independence
Imposed From Without, 1808-24
Post-Independence
Decline and Instability, 1824-45
The Guano Era, 1845-70
Consolidation
of the State
Failed
Development
The
War of the Pacific, 1879-83
Recovery and Growth, 1883-1930
The
New Militarism, 1886-95
The
Aristocratic Republic, 1895-1914
Impact
of World War I
The
Eleven-Year Rule, 1919-30
Mass Politics and Social Change, 1930-68
Impact
of the Depression and World War II
Rural
Stagnation and Social Mobilization, 1948-68
Failed Reform and Economic Decline,
1968-85
Military
Reform from Above, 1968-80
Return
to Democratic Rule, 1980-85
Democratic
Restoration to the Present Day (*)
The articles included
in this section, with the exception of (*), are by Peter
F. Klarén, Country Studies of the U.S.
Library of Congress, which are not copyrightedand
and thus considered to be in the public domain. For
more information you can check the Library
of Congress FAQs.
(*) Excerpts from Wikipedia
- The Free Encyclopedia
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